Nach der Installation von Ubuntu 14.04 LTS ... funktioniert alles einwandfrei, ohne ein Update durchzuführen ... nach ein paar Minuten unterbricht mein WLAN die drahtlose Verbindung. Ich muss neu starten, um es wieder zu verwenden.
Mein Netzwerkcontroller:
Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter
Kernel - Treiber im Einsatz: rtl8723be
Ich habe das folgende Skript verwendet: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=370108
########## wireless info START ##########
Report from: 06 Jun 2015 12:41 CDT -0500
Booted last: 06 Jun 2015 12:08 CDT -0500
Script from: 21 May 2015 09:10 UTC +0000
##### release ###########################
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS
Release: 14.04
Codename: trusty
##### kernel ############################
Linux 3.16.0-30-generic #40~14.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jan 15 17:43:14 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Parameters: ro, quiet, splash, vt.handoff=7
##### desktop ###########################
Ubuntu
##### lspci #############################
08:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter [10ec:b723]
Subsystem: Lenovo Device [17aa:b736]
Kernel driver in use: rtl8723be
09:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller [10ec:8168] (rev 10)
Subsystem: Lenovo Device [17aa:380d]
Kernel driver in use: r8169
##### lsusb #############################
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:8000 Intel Corp.
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:8008 Intel Corp.
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 004: ID 045e:0782 Microsoft Corp.
Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0bda:b728 Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 174f:14b8 Syntek
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
##### PCMCIA card info ##################
##### rfkill ############################
0: ideapad_wlan: Wireless LAN
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: no
1: hci0: Bluetooth
Soft blocked: yes
Hard blocked: no
2: ideapad_bluetooth: Bluetooth
Soft blocked: yes
Hard blocked: no
3: phy0: Wireless LAN
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: no
##### lsmod #############################
rtl8723be 85054 0
btcoexist 50304 1 rtl8723be
rtl8723_common 23361 1 rtl8723be
rtl_pci 26690 1 rtl8723be
rtlwifi 64255 2 rtl_pci,rtl8723be
mac80211 652718 3 rtl_pci,rtlwifi,rtl8723be
mxm_wmi 13021 1 nouveau
cfg80211 494330 2 mac80211,rtlwifi
ideapad_laptop 18278 0
sparse_keymap 13948 1 ideapad_laptop
wmi 19193 2 mxm_wmi,nouveau
##### interfaces ########################
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
##### ifconfig ##########################
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr <MAC 'eth0' [IF]>
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
vmnet1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr <MAC 'vmnet1' [IF]>
inet addr:172.16.229.1 Bcast:172.16.229.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fec0:1/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:59 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
vmnet8 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr <MAC 'vmnet8' [IF]>
inet addr:192.168.42.1 Bcast:192.168.42.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fec0:8/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:59 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr <MAC 'wlan0' [IF]>
inet addr:192.168.1.72 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::2e33:7aff:fe18:82d5/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:25404 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:20720 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:19104265 (19.1 MB) TX bytes:3957097 (3.9 MB)
##### iwconfig ##########################
eth0 no wireless extensions.
vmnet1 no wireless extensions.
vmnet8 no wireless extensions.
lo no wireless extensions.
wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"ManzanaVILot176"
Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz Access Point: <MAC 'ManzanaVILot176' [AC1]>
Bit Rate=18 Mb/s Tx-Power=20 dBm
Retry short limit:7 RTS thr=2347 B Fragment thr:off
Power Management:off
Link Quality=46/70 Signal level=-64 dBm
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:57 Missed beacon:0
##### route #############################
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.1.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlan0
172.16.229.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 vmnet1
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 9 0 0 wlan0
192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 vmnet8
##### resolv.conf #######################
nameserver 127.0.1.1
search gateway.2wire.net
##### network managers ##################
Installed:
NetworkManager
Running:
root 931 1 0 12:08 ? 00:00:00 NetworkManager
##### NetworkManager info ###############
NetworkManager Tool
State: connected (global)
- Device: eth0 -----------------------------------------------------------------
Type: Wired
Driver: r8169
State: unavailable
Default: no
HW Address: <MAC 'eth0' [IF]>
Capabilities:
Carrier Detect: yes
Wired Properties
Carrier: off
- Device: wlan0 [ManzanaVILot176] ---------------------------------------------
Type: 802.11 WiFi
Driver: rtl8723be
State: connected
Default: yes
HW Address: <MAC 'wlan0' [IF]>
Capabilities:
Speed: 18 Mb/s
Wireless Properties
WEP Encryption: yes
WPA Encryption: yes
WPA2 Encryption: yes
Wireless Access Points (* = current AP)
INFINITUMc7qc: Infra, <MAC 'INFINITUMc7qc' [AN1]>, Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 100 WPA WPA2
Zandunga: Infra, <MAC 'Zandunga' [AN2]>, Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 100 WPA2
*ManzanaVILot176:Infra, <MAC 'ManzanaVILot176' [AC1]>, Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 82 WPA
Motorola: Infra, <MAC 'Motorola' [AN4]>, Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 100 WPA2
IPv4 Settings:
Address: 192.168.1.72
Prefix: 24 (255.255.255.0)
Gateway: 192.168.1.254
DNS: 192.168.1.254
##### NetworkManager.state ##############
[main]
NetworkingEnabled=true
WirelessEnabled=true
WWANEnabled=true
WimaxEnabled=true
##### NetworkManager.conf ###############
[main]
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile,ofono
dns=dnsmasq
[ifupdown]
managed=false
##### NetworkManager profiles ###########
[[/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/PEMEX MOVIL]] (600 root)
[ipv6] method=auto
[connection] id=PEMEX MOVIL | type=802-11-wireless
[802-11-wireless] ssid=PEMEX MOVIL | mac-address=<MAC 'wlan0' [IF]>
[ipv4] method=auto
[[/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ManzanaVILot176]] (600 root)
[connection] id=ManzanaVILot176 | type=802-11-wireless
[802-11-wireless] ssid=ManzanaVILot176 | mac-address=<MAC 'wlan0' [IF]>
[ipv4] method=auto
[ipv6] method=auto
##### iw reg get ########################
Region: America/Mexico_City (based on set time zone)
country US:
(2402 - 2472 @ 40), (3, 27)
(5170 - 5250 @ 40), (3, 17)
(5250 - 5330 @ 40), (3, 20), DFS
(5490 - 5600 @ 40), (3, 20), DFS
(5650 - 5710 @ 40), (3, 20), DFS
(5735 - 5835 @ 40), (3, 30)
(57240 - 63720 @ 2160), (N/A, 40)
##### iwlist channels ###################
eth0 no frequency information.
vmnet1 no frequency information.
vmnet8 no frequency information.
lo no frequency information.
wlan0 11 channels in total; available frequencies :
Channel 01 : 2.412 GHz
Channel 02 : 2.417 GHz
Channel 03 : 2.422 GHz
Channel 04 : 2.427 GHz
Channel 05 : 2.432 GHz
Channel 06 : 2.437 GHz
Channel 07 : 2.442 GHz
Channel 08 : 2.447 GHz
Channel 09 : 2.452 GHz
Channel 10 : 2.457 GHz
Channel 11 : 2.462 GHz
Current Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11)
##### iwlist scan #######################
eth0 Interface doesn't support scanning.
vmnet1 Interface doesn't support scanning.
vmnet8 Interface doesn't support scanning.
lo Interface doesn't support scanning.
Channel occupancy:
1 APs on Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11)
wlan0 Scan completed :
Cell 01 - Address: <MAC 'ManzanaVILot176' [AC1]>
Channel:11
Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11)
Quality=70/70 Signal level=-32 dBm
Encryption key:on
ESSID:"ManzanaVILot176"
Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s
11 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
Mode:Master
Extra:tsf=0000001795c479af
Extra: Last beacon: 0ms ago
IE: WPA Version 1
Group Cipher : TKIP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : TKIP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
##### module infos ######################
[rtl8723be]
filename: /lib/modules/3.16.0-30-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/rtlwifi/rtl8723be/rtl8723be.ko
firmware: rtlwifi/rtl8723befw.bin
description: Realtek 8723BE 802.11n PCI wireless
license: GPL
author: Realtek WlanFAE <[email protected]>
author: PageHe <[email protected]>
srcversion: C94095C986767A931B924EF
depends: rtlwifi,rtl8723-common,rtl_pci,btcoexist,mac80211
intree: Y
vermagic: 3.16.0-30-generic SMP mod_unload modversions
signer: Magrathea: Glacier signing key
sig_key: 7B:E2:A7:20:0F:17:F0:0C:A0:11:F7:0E:5A:87:4C:37:E3:E0:F6:BE
sig_hashalgo: sha512
parm: swlps:bool
parm: swenc:using hardware crypto (default 0 [hardware])
(bool)
parm: ips:using no link power save (default 1 is open)
(bool)
parm: fwlps:using linked fw control power save (default 1 is open)
(bool)
parm: msi:Set to 1 to use MSI interrupts mode (default 0)
(bool)
parm: debug:Set debug level (0-5) (default 0) (int)
[rtl8723_common]
filename: /lib/modules/3.16.0-30-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/rtlwifi/rtl8723com/rtl8723-common.ko
description: Realtek RTL8723AE/RTL8723BE 802.11n PCI wireless common routines
license: GPL
author: Larry Finger <[email protected]>
author: Realtek WlanFAE <[email protected]>
srcversion: 7410431A59C24B1BC33226E
depends:
intree: Y
vermagic: 3.16.0-30-generic SMP mod_unload modversions
signer: Magrathea: Glacier signing key
sig_key: 7B:E2:A7:20:0F:17:F0:0C:A0:11:F7:0E:5A:87:4C:37:E3:E0:F6:BE
sig_hashalgo: sha512
[rtl_pci]
filename: /lib/modules/3.16.0-30-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/rtlwifi/rtl_pci.ko
description: PCI basic driver for rtlwifi
license: GPL
author: Larry Finger <[email protected]>
author: Realtek WlanFAE <[email protected]>
author: lizhaoming <[email protected]>
srcversion: 3273ECD6028617EFD27E4F4
depends: mac80211,rtlwifi
intree: Y
vermagic: 3.16.0-30-generic SMP mod_unload modversions
signer: Magrathea: Glacier signing key
sig_key: 7B:E2:A7:20:0F:17:F0:0C:A0:11:F7:0E:5A:87:4C:37:E3:E0:F6:BE
sig_hashalgo: sha512
[rtlwifi]
filename: /lib/modules/3.16.0-30-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/rtlwifi/rtlwifi.ko
description: Realtek 802.11n PCI wireless core
license: GPL
author: Larry Finger <[email protected]>
author: Realtek WlanFAE <[email protected]>
author: lizhaoming <[email protected]>
srcversion: 8362106E96F806A9DBAE565
depends: mac80211,cfg80211
intree: Y
vermagic: 3.16.0-30-generic SMP mod_unload modversions
signer: Magrathea: Glacier signing key
sig_key: 7B:E2:A7:20:0F:17:F0:0C:A0:11:F7:0E:5A:87:4C:37:E3:E0:F6:BE
sig_hashalgo: sha512
[mac80211]
filename: /lib/modules/3.16.0-30-generic/kernel/net/mac80211/mac80211.ko
license: GPL
description: IEEE 802.11 subsystem
srcversion: D421794D4F30DF3A540FD24
depends: cfg80211
intree: Y
vermagic: 3.16.0-30-generic SMP mod_unload modversions
signer: Magrathea: Glacier signing key
sig_key: 7B:E2:A7:20:0F:17:F0:0C:A0:11:F7:0E:5A:87:4C:37:E3:E0:F6:BE
sig_hashalgo: sha512
parm: max_nullfunc_tries:Maximum nullfunc tx tries before disconnecting (reason 4). (int)
parm: max_probe_tries:Maximum probe tries before disconnecting (reason 4). (int)
parm: beacon_loss_count:Number of beacon intervals before we decide beacon was lost. (int)
parm: probe_wait_ms:Maximum time(ms) to wait for probe response before disconnecting (reason 4). (int)
parm: ieee80211_default_rc_algo:Default rate control algorithm for mac80211 to use (charp)
[cfg80211]
filename: /lib/modules/3.16.0-30-generic/kernel/net/wireless/cfg80211.ko
description: wireless configuration support
license: GPL
author: Johannes Berg
srcversion: DEE8EAA48495E392CD51C2D
depends:
intree: Y
vermagic: 3.16.0-30-generic SMP mod_unload modversions
signer: Magrathea: Glacier signing key
sig_key: 7B:E2:A7:20:0F:17:F0:0C:A0:11:F7:0E:5A:87:4C:37:E3:E0:F6:BE
sig_hashalgo: sha512
parm: ieee80211_regdom:IEEE 802.11 regulatory domain code (charp)
parm: cfg80211_disable_40mhz_24ghz:Disable 40MHz support in the 2.4GHz band (bool)
##### module parameters #################
[rtl8723be]
debug: 0
fwlps: Y
ips: Y
msi: N
swenc: N
swlps: N
[mac80211]
beacon_loss_count: 7
ieee80211_default_rc_algo: minstrel_ht
max_nullfunc_tries: 2
max_probe_tries: 5
probe_wait_ms: 500
[cfg80211]
cfg80211_disable_40mhz_24ghz: N
ieee80211_regdom: 00
##### /etc/modules ######################
lp
rtc
##### modprobe options ##################
[/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ath_pci.conf]
blacklist ath_pci
[/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf]
blacklist evbug
blacklist usbmouse
blacklist usbkbd
blacklist eepro100
blacklist de4x5
blacklist eth1394
blacklist snd_intel8x0m
blacklist snd_aw2
blacklist i2c_i801
blacklist prism54
blacklist bcm43xx
blacklist garmin_gps
blacklist asus_acpi
blacklist snd_pcsp
blacklist pcspkr
blacklist amd76x_edac
[/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-rare-network.conf]
alias net-pf-3 off
alias net-pf-6 off
alias net-pf-9 off
alias net-pf-11 off
alias net-pf-12 off
alias net-pf-19 off
alias net-pf-21 off
alias net-pf-36 off
[/etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf]
remove iwlwifi \
(/sbin/lsmod | grep -o -e ^iwlmvm -e ^iwldvm -e ^iwlwifi | xargs /sbin/rmmod) \
&& /sbin/modprobe -r mac80211
[/etc/modprobe.d/mlx4.conf]
softdep mlx4_core post: mlx4_en
[/etc/modprobe.d/modesetting.conf]
options cirrus modeset=1
options mgag200 modeset=1
[/etc/modprobe.d/vmware-fuse.conf]
alias char-major-10-229 fuse
##### rc.local ##########################
exit 0
##### pm-utils ##########################
##### udev rules ########################
[/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules]
# PCI device 0x10ec:0x8168 (r8169)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="<MAC 'eth0' [IF]>", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"
# PCI device 0x10ec:0xb723 (rtl8723be)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="<MAC 'wlan0' [IF]>", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="wlan*", NAME="wlan0"
##### dmesg #############################
[ 14.797584] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready
[ 17.537314] wlan0: authenticate with <MAC 'ManzanaVILot176' [AC1]>
[ 17.557419] wlan0: send auth to <MAC 'ManzanaVILot176' [AC1]> (try 1/3)
[ 17.559066] wlan0: authenticated
[ 17.559222] rtl8723be 0000:08:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT/VHT due to WEP/TKIP use
[ 17.559226] rtl8723be 0000:08:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP
[ 17.559228] rtl8723be 0000:08:00.0 wlan0: disabling VHT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP
[ 17.561054] wlan0: associate with <MAC 'ManzanaVILot176' [AC1]> (try 1/3)
[ 17.565123] wlan0: RX AssocResp from <MAC 'ManzanaVILot176' [AC1]> (capab=0x431 status=0 aid=2)
[ 17.565270] wlan0: associated
[ 17.565277] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan0: link becomes ready
[ 17.630615] bridge-wlan0: device is wireless, enabling SMAC
[ 17.630617] bridge-wlan0: up
[ 17.630619] bridge-wlan0: attached
[ 17.630912] wlan0: deauthenticating from <MAC 'ManzanaVILot176' [AC1]> by local choice (Reason: 2=PREV_AUTH_NOT_VALID)
[ 17.663519] wlan0: authenticate with <MAC 'ManzanaVILot176' [AC1]>
[ 17.673669] wlan0: send auth to <MAC 'ManzanaVILot176' [AC1]> (try 1/3)
[ 17.673891] bridge-wlan0: disabling the bridge
[ 17.675828] wlan0: authenticated
[ 17.675922] rtl8723be 0000:08:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT/VHT due to WEP/TKIP use
[ 17.675924] rtl8723be 0000:08:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP
[ 17.675926] rtl8723be 0000:08:00.0 wlan0: disabling VHT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP
[ 17.677178] wlan0: associate with <MAC 'ManzanaVILot176' [AC1]> (try 1/3)
[ 17.679555] wlan0: RX AssocResp from <MAC 'ManzanaVILot176' [AC1]> (capab=0x431 status=0 aid=2)
[ 17.679703] wlan0: associated
[ 17.689281] bridge-wlan0: down
[ 17.689287] bridge-wlan0: detached
[ 17.755541] bridge-wlan0: device is wireless, enabling SMAC
[ 17.755543] bridge-wlan0: up
[ 17.755546] bridge-wlan0: attached
########## wireless info END ############
lspci -knn | grep Net -A2
Terminalbefehls hinzu.Antworten:
Nach vielem Googeln habe ich kürzlich einen Beitrag mit neuer Firmware gefunden.
Deaktivieren Sie die Schlaffunktion des Fahrers:
$ echo "options rtl8723be fwlps=0" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723be.conf
(Ich habe auch Informationen mit gefunden
options rtl8723be fwlps=N ips=N
, wodurch dieips
Option deaktiviert wird , aber ich fand es nicht notwendig, diese zu verwenden.)Ich habe auch in vielen Posts gelesen, dass Bluetooth die WiFi-Verbindung stören kann, deshalb habe ich sie auch dauerhaft deaktiviert:
$ sudo rfkill block bluetooth $ sudo update-rc.d bluetooth disable
(und überprüfe, ob sie ausgeschaltet ist mitsudo service bluetooth status
)[Wenn Sie immer noch Probleme mit plötzlich unterbrochenem WLAN haben, können Sie das entsprechende Modul mit neu laden
sudo rmmod rtl8723be && sudo modprobe rtl8723be
, anstatt das gesamte System neu starten zu müssen.]quelle
Nachdem ich viel Zeit in mehreren Foren verbracht hatte, als ich dieses Problem bei Lenovo G40 und HP Notebook 15-ac122tu traf , stellte ich fest, dass dies ein ziemlich häufiges Problem war, bei dem WiFi unter Ubuntu 14.04 nicht funktionierte oder zeitweise nicht mehr funktionierte.
Für mich waren folgende drei Links relevant:
1) Wie kann ich eine Realtek RTL8723BE-Funkkarte zum Laufen bringen?
2) Wifi Probleme mit rtl8723be in Ubuntu 14.04
3) Mein Wifi trennt die Verbindung nach ein paar Minuten realtek8723be (dieser Beitrag)
Was für mich funktioniert hat, ist eine Mischung aus diesen drei Beiträgen und einige Fehlerbehebung.
Ich denke, eine dauerhafte Korrektur in Ubuntu-Hauptpaketen in Bezug auf Broadcom- oder Realtek-WLAN-Adapter wird den Benutzern helfen. Dies wird einen großen Beitrag dazu leisten, Ubuntu benutzerfreundlicher zu machen. Denken Sie daran, es gab Zeiten, in denen Audio- und Grafikprobleme häufig auftraten. In letzter Zeit ist dies auch bei drahtlosen Adaptern der Fall.
quelle