Als «self-study» getaggte Fragen

27
Können Freiheitsgrade eine nicht ganzzahlige Zahl sein?

Wenn ich GAM verwende, erhalte ich einen DF-Rest von (letzte Zeile im Code). Was bedeutet das? Über das GAM-Beispiel hinausgehend: Kann die Anzahl der Freiheitsgrade im Allgemeinen eine nicht ganzzahlige Zahl sein?26.626.626.6 > library(gam) > summary(gam(mpg~lo(wt),data=mtcars)) Call:...

r degrees-of-freedom gam machine-learning pca lasso probability self-study bootstrap expected-value regression machine-learning linear-model probability simulation random-generation machine-learning distributions svm libsvm classification pca multivariate-analysis feature-selection archaeology r regression dataset simulation r regression time-series forecasting predictive-models r mean sem lavaan machine-learning regularization regression conv-neural-network convolution classification deep-learning conv-neural-network regression categorical-data econometrics r confirmatory-factor scale-invariance self-study unbiased-estimator mse regression residuals sampling random-variable sample probability random-variable convergence r survival weibull references autocorrelation hypothesis-testing distributions correlation regression statistical-significance regression-coefficients univariate categorical-data chi-squared regression machine-learning multiple-regression categorical-data linear-model pca factor-analysis factor-rotation classification scikit-learn logistic p-value regression panel-data multilevel-analysis variance bootstrap bias probability r distributions interquartile time-series hypothesis-testing normal-distribution normality-assumption kurtosis arima panel-data stata clustered-standard-errors machine-learning optimization lasso multivariate-analysis ancova machine-learning cross-validation
21
Wie projiziert man einen neuen Vektor auf den PCA-Raum?

Nach der Durchführung der Hauptkomponentenanalyse (PCA) möchte ich einen neuen Vektor auf den PCA-Raum projizieren (dh seine Koordinaten im PCA-Koordinatensystem finden). Ich habe PCA in R-Sprache mit berechnet prcomp. Jetzt sollte ich meinen Vektor mit der PCA-Rotationsmatrix multiplizieren...

r pca r variance heteroscedasticity misspecification distributions time-series data-visualization modeling histogram kolmogorov-smirnov negative-binomial likelihood-ratio econometrics panel-data categorical-data scales survey distributions pdf histogram correlation algorithms r gpu parallel-computing approximation mean median references sample-size normality-assumption central-limit-theorem rule-of-thumb confidence-interval estimation mixed-model psychometrics random-effects-model hypothesis-testing sample-size dataset large-data regression standard-deviation variance approximation hypothesis-testing variance central-limit-theorem kernel-trick kernel-smoothing error sampling hypothesis-testing normality-assumption philosophical confidence-interval modeling model-selection experiment-design hypothesis-testing statistical-significance power asymptotics information-retrieval anova multiple-comparisons ancova classification clustering factor-analysis psychometrics r sampling expectation-maximization markov-process r data-visualization correlation regression statistical-significance degrees-of-freedom experiment-design r regression curve-fitting change-point loess machine-learning classification self-study monte-carlo markov-process references mathematical-statistics data-visualization python cart boosting regression classification robust cart survey binomial psychometrics likert psychology asymptotics multinomial