Als «normality-assumption» getaggte Fragen

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Können Freiheitsgrade eine nicht ganzzahlige Zahl sein?

Wenn ich GAM verwende, erhalte ich einen DF-Rest von (letzte Zeile im Code). Was bedeutet das? Über das GAM-Beispiel hinausgehend: Kann die Anzahl der Freiheitsgrade im Allgemeinen eine nicht ganzzahlige Zahl sein?26.626.626.6 > library(gam) > summary(gam(mpg~lo(wt),data=mtcars)) Call:...

r degrees-of-freedom gam machine-learning pca lasso probability self-study bootstrap expected-value regression machine-learning linear-model probability simulation random-generation machine-learning distributions svm libsvm classification pca multivariate-analysis feature-selection archaeology r regression dataset simulation r regression time-series forecasting predictive-models r mean sem lavaan machine-learning regularization regression conv-neural-network convolution classification deep-learning conv-neural-network regression categorical-data econometrics r confirmatory-factor scale-invariance self-study unbiased-estimator mse regression residuals sampling random-variable sample probability random-variable convergence r survival weibull references autocorrelation hypothesis-testing distributions correlation regression statistical-significance regression-coefficients univariate categorical-data chi-squared regression machine-learning multiple-regression categorical-data linear-model pca factor-analysis factor-rotation classification scikit-learn logistic p-value regression panel-data multilevel-analysis variance bootstrap bias probability r distributions interquartile time-series hypothesis-testing normal-distribution normality-assumption kurtosis arima panel-data stata clustered-standard-errors machine-learning optimization lasso multivariate-analysis ancova machine-learning cross-validation
21
Wie projiziert man einen neuen Vektor auf den PCA-Raum?

Nach der Durchführung der Hauptkomponentenanalyse (PCA) möchte ich einen neuen Vektor auf den PCA-Raum projizieren (dh seine Koordinaten im PCA-Koordinatensystem finden). Ich habe PCA in R-Sprache mit berechnet prcomp. Jetzt sollte ich meinen Vektor mit der PCA-Rotationsmatrix multiplizieren...

r pca r variance heteroscedasticity misspecification distributions time-series data-visualization modeling histogram kolmogorov-smirnov negative-binomial likelihood-ratio econometrics panel-data categorical-data scales survey distributions pdf histogram correlation algorithms r gpu parallel-computing approximation mean median references sample-size normality-assumption central-limit-theorem rule-of-thumb confidence-interval estimation mixed-model psychometrics random-effects-model hypothesis-testing sample-size dataset large-data regression standard-deviation variance approximation hypothesis-testing variance central-limit-theorem kernel-trick kernel-smoothing error sampling hypothesis-testing normality-assumption philosophical confidence-interval modeling model-selection experiment-design hypothesis-testing statistical-significance power asymptotics information-retrieval anova multiple-comparisons ancova classification clustering factor-analysis psychometrics r sampling expectation-maximization markov-process r data-visualization correlation regression statistical-significance degrees-of-freedom experiment-design r regression curve-fitting change-point loess machine-learning classification self-study monte-carlo markov-process references mathematical-statistics data-visualization python cart boosting regression classification robust cart survey binomial psychometrics likert psychology asymptotics multinomial
20
Was sind die korrekten Werte für Präzision und Rückruf in Randfällen?

Präzision ist definiert als: p = true positives / (true positives + false positives) Ist es richtig, dass sich die Genauigkeit 1 nähert true positivesund false positivessich 0 nähert? Gleiche Frage zum Rückruf: r = true positives / (true positives + false negatives) Ich führe derzeit einen...

precision-recall data-visualization logarithm references r networks data-visualization standard-deviation probability binomial negative-binomial r categorical-data aggregation plyr survival python regression r t-test bayesian logistic data-transformation confidence-interval t-test interpretation distributions data-visualization pca genetics r finance maximum probability standard-deviation probability r information-theory references computational-statistics computing references engineering-statistics t-test hypothesis-testing independence definition r censoring negative-binomial poisson-distribution variance mixed-model correlation intraclass-correlation aggregation interpretation effect-size hypothesis-testing goodness-of-fit normality-assumption small-sample distributions regression normality-assumption t-test anova confidence-interval z-statistic finance hypothesis-testing mean model-selection information-geometry bayesian frequentist terminology type-i-and-ii-errors cross-validation smoothing splines data-transformation normality-assumption variance-stabilizing r spss stata python correlation logistic logit link-function regression predictor pca factor-analysis r bayesian maximum-likelihood mcmc conditional-probability statistical-significance chi-squared proportion estimation error shrinkage application steins-phenomenon